ABSTRACT: By using image processing software, based on the coordinates of clear points in images and the theoretical coordinates of the points in the reference coordinate system, the coordinate relation multinomial of pre-and post-correction control points can be established by means of the digital image correction technique and the coefficient in the multinomial can be sought on the basis of the coordinates of a certain number of control points. Then the whole image can be re-sampled by correcting every image pixel according to the multinomial, and the linear and nonlinear deformations in the image can be corrected accurately. In archaeological studies, researchers can use the digital image correction technique to correct the whole or partial images of cultural relics, including buildings and stone carvings, reduce the deformations of images occurring in imaging processes to the limit of required accuracy , obtain integral orthophoto images by means of mosaic , and then carry out measurement , plan drawing , etc.
前言
考古绘图一直是考古学研究中不可或缺的重要技术,能够反映考古遗迹的分布状况或者典型器物的多重特征。但是随着考古学研究的深入和对相关技术手段需求的增加,考古绘图技术却始终停留在通过直尺等量取数据、再使用直尺和铅笔绘图的水平上, 成图精度很低, 周期较长, 图形品种单一,远远不能满足现代考古学研究的需要。
随着摄影技术和设备的不断进步,通过数字影像成图具有很好的发展前景。然而照相机拍摄的影像为中心投影影像,成像面有起伏时会产生投影差。此外,一般情况下照相机对成像 面很难进行垂直摄影,由此影像还会产生一些变形。再加上照相机镜头产生的畸变, 一幅影像中往往包含有多种变形,使其在应用中产生诸多的不便。
本文介绍使用数字影像纠正的方法,对拍摄的航空影像或文物影像进行纠正,得到数字正射影像图,使其符合考古绘图的精度要求,然后根据影像的纹理进行绘图。
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原文发表于《考古》2009年第2期
